Breathing detection using thermal facial landmark with DICOM file

To limit the spread of COVID-19, thermal screening cameras were installed everywhere. These cameras observe many thermal faces. These thermal face data are generally used to monitor strange temperatures for COVID-19 screening or to maintain social distancing. Big data of Thermal face generated everywhere should be used in the more practical functions. We proposed a method to measure non-contact breathing signals using thermal face data. In addition, breathing signals data estimated from thermal face data was converted to DICOM waveform Information Object Definitions (IODs) for interoperability management of medical data. The proposed method was tested on a golden reference (chest belt) with a mean accuracy of 93.52 %. a proposed method that can extract breathing signals using thermal screening cameras that are widely available around the world and manage data as healthcare interoperability information can show important potential in the public, telemedicine field in the future. © 2022 IEEE.

COVID-19 Confirmed Cases and Subway Passengers

COVID-19 is mainly transmitted between people. Therefore, people's movement may cause the spread of COVID-19. Announcing an increase in the number of confirmed cases affects people's behavior and reduces people's movement. We analyzed the correlation between the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and the change in the number of subway passengers in the metropolitan area to promote the understanding of the relationship between public transportation volume and COVID-19 confirmed cases. By using the reference number of subway passengers in 2016–2019, we calculated the decrease in passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic period from April 8, 2020 to July 29, 2021. Changes in subway passengers did not seem to affect the number of confirmed cases significantly. However, announcing an increase in confirmed cases greatly reduced the number of passengers. We also found that people avoided the subway on the basis of their normalized risk perception rather than absolute risk based on the number of daily confirmed cases. © 2022 The Korean Physical Society. All rights reserved.

Global transmission of COVID-19-A gravity model approach

This paper aims to describe the spatiotemporal transmission of COVID-19 and examine how various factors influence the global spread of COVID-19 using a modified gravity model. Log-linearizing the model, we run a negative binomial regression with observational data from 22 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. In the first model, population size and GDP per capita are positively related to the sum of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases within a 10-day window;the values for both variables are statistically significant throughout the study period. However, the significance of geographic distance varies. When a single geographic source exits in the early stage, the value is statistically significant. In the intermediate stage, when disease transmission is explosive between countries, the distance loses its statistical significance due to the emergence of multiple geographic transmission sources. In the containment stage, when the spread of disease is more likely to occur within a country, distance becomes statistically significant. According to the second model, the government's internal movement control and nonpharmaceutical intervention policy, percentage of the population over 70 years old, and population-weighted density are statistically significant and are positively related to the incidence of COVID-19. By contrast, average monthly temperature, international travel restriction policies, and political regimes are statistically significant and negatively associated with the dependent variable. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.

The Higher Incidence of COVID-19 in Patients With Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: A Single Center Experience in Korea.

The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial-pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). A total of 3,866 patients with NTM-PD were retrospectively identified from a single center. Compared to the general population of Korea, patients with NTM-PD had a substantially increased age-standardized incidence of COVID-19 from January 2020 to February 2021 (2.1% vs. 0.2%). The odds of being infected with COVID-19 was particularly higher in patients who received treatment for NTM-PD than in those who did not receive treatment for NTM-PD (adjusted odd ratio = 1.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-3.64, P = 0.026). Patients with NTM-PD might be regarded as a high-risk group for COVID-19 and may need a more proactive preventive strategy for COVID-19 and other pandemics in the future.

Emotional Labor, Burnout, Medical Error, and Turnover Intention among South Korean Nursing Staff in a University Hospital Setting.

Nurses are vulnerable to mental health challenges, including burnout, as they are exposed to adverse job conditions such as high workload. The mental health of this population can relate not only to individual well-being but also to patient safety outcomes. Therefore, there is a need for a mental health improvement strategy that targets this population. This cross-sectional survey study investigates emotional labor, burnout, turnover intention, and medical error levels among 117 nursing staff members in a South Korean university hospital; it also analyzes correlations among outcomes and conduct correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to determine relationships among these factors. The participants had moderate to high levels of emotional labor and burnout, and 23% had experienced medical errors within the last six months. Save for medical errors, all outcomes significantly and positively correlated with each other. These results can be used to improve the mental health outcomes of nurses working in the hospital and their consequences. Specifically, the job positions of nursing personnel may be a major consideration in such a strategy, and job-focused emotional labor and employee-focused emotional labor may be promising targets in ameliorating turnover intention and client-related burnout, respectively.

How is the COVID-19 pandemic affecting global supply chains, logistics, and transportation?

This editorial establishes the broader context for debating how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the global supply chains, logistics, and transportation networks in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic is an unknown-unknown risk whereby the probability of its occurrence and the possible consequences of a risk event cannot be foreseen. Furthermore, the characteristics of COVID-19 differentiate it from previous disasters in terms of the geographic scope of the impact, and the supply- and demand-side impacts, and are making relevant research challenging. In this special issue, the interwoven relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges facing global supply chains, logistics, and transportation are discussed, along with a literature review. Selected papers on air transportation networks, emergency logistics, and digital trade are theoretically and empirically probed. © 2020 Universidad de Sevilla. All rights reserved.